en Nutrition Nutrition پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="tab-stops:409.5pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%">Background and Objectives: </span></span></b>Food insecurity, defined as limited or uncertain access to adequate and nutritious foods, includes negative effects on physical and mental health. Tension-type headache, the most common form of primary headache, can significantly affect individuals&#39; quality of life. The two factors are linked to socioeconomic status.<span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="tab-stops:409.5pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%">Materials and Methods: </span></span></b>The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between food insecurity and incidence of tension-type headaches in employees of Isfahan Steel Industry, Isfahan, Iran.<span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="tab-stops:409.5pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%">Results: </span></span></b>Findings showed that employees with a bachelor&#39;s degree or lower, less than 7 h of sleep, consumption of less than the recommended quantity of the meat and legumes group (5.5 U/d) and lower food security were further likely to experience tension-type headaches (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified food insecurity as the strongest predictor of tension-type headaches.<span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="tab-stops:409.5pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%">Conclusions: </span></span></b>Improving food security, increasing educational attainment and ensuring adequate sleep may help decrease the incidence of tension-type headaches. Additionally, maintaining balanced consumption of food groups, especially meats and legumes, could decrease the occurrence of tension-type headaches. Further prospective studies are necessary to investigate the causal relationships between food security and tension-type headaches.<span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> Food insecurity, Tension-type headache, Headache disorders, Sleep, Dietary habits, Socioeconomic factors 15 22 http://nfsr.sbmu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1141-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Faezeh Aghadavoudian Thatisafifi@gmail.com 10031947532846006802 0009-0005-3971-9180 No Department of nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ariyo Movahedi Ariyo.movahedi@srbiau.ac.ir 10031947532846006803 10031947532846006803 No Department of nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Sara Sarrafi Zadeh Sara.sarrafi@gmail.com 10031947532846006804 10031947532846006804 Yes Department of nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran