en Nutrition Nutrition پژوهشي Research <strong>Background and Objectives: </strong><em>Capparis decidua </em>is a plant used in herbal medicine. This study was carried out to assess effects of <em>C</em>.<em> decidua</em> hydroalcoholic extract on blood glucose, lipid profile and leptin in male rats with high-cholesterol diets.<br> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Totally, 40 Wistar-albino male rats with 200&ndash;250 g weight were equally divided into one control (C) and three experimental groups of high-cholesterol diet (HCD), high-cholesterol diet and lovastatin (HCDL) and high-cholesterol diet and <em>C. decidua </em>hydroalcoholic extract (HCDCD). At the end of the intervention, animals were sacrificed using deep anesthesia. Blood samples were collected and fasting blood sugar (FBS), high density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and leptin were assessed. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated using Friedewald formula. Results were expressed as mean &plusmn;SE (standard error). The <em>P</em><0.05 was considered as statistically significant.<br> <strong>Results: </strong>Serum TG in HCDCD group significantly decreased, compared to C and HCD groups (71.33&plusmn;3.55 (mg dl^-1) instead of 97.55&plusmn;7.09 (mg dl^-1) and 94 &plusmn;7.01(mg dl^-1) respectively, <em>P</em>=0.003) and TC in HCDCD group significantly decreased, compared to HCD group (67.66&plusmn;2.65 (mg dl^-1) instead of 83.11&plusmn;5.25 (mg dl^-1), <em>P</em>=0.021). Moreover, TC in HCDL group significantly decreased, compared to HCD group (68.33 &plusmn;1.88 (mg dl^-1) instead of 83.11 &plusmn;5.25 (mg dl^-1), <em>P</em> = 0.04). Leptin included the lowest value in HCDL group, compared to other groups (<em>P</em><0.0001). Other parameters did not include significant differences within the groups.<br> <strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current findings have demonstrated that hydroalcoholic extracts from <em>C. decidua </em>leaves and thin stems decreased serum TG and TC in HCDCD male rats.<br> &nbsp; Capparis decidua, High cholesterol diet, Lipid profile, Leptin, Wistar rat 25 31 http://nfsr.sbmu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-806-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohamad Reza Shahraki mrshahrakim@gmail.com 10031947532846003977 10031947532846003977 No Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan university of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Zahedan, Iran Fereshteh Badini @ymail.com 10031947532846003978 10031947532846003978 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. Elham Shahraki shahrekie@gmail.com 10031947532846003979 10031947532846003979 No Assistant professor of Nephrology, Emam Ali Hospital, Department of internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Zahedan, Iran Ahmad Reza Shahraki A.r_sh@yahoo.com 10031947532846003980 10031947532846003980 No Resident of General Surgery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Zahedan , Iran Alireza Dashipour ar_dashipoor@yahoo.com 10031947532846003981 10031947532846003981 Yes Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Zahedan, Iran