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Global Magnitude of the Bread Wastes and its Reasons: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
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چکیده: (83 مشاهده) |
Background and Objectives: Bread, as a staple food, is a significant part of food waste and a potential threat to food security. This study aims to systematically investigate and quantify the global extent of bread waste and its reasons.
Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus databases from 1990 to February 2024. We selected observational studies that reported the proportion of bread waste. Random effects models were used to calculate the pooled effect sizes of bread waste.
Results: 28 observational studies were included in the systematic review and 22 in the meta-analysis, with a sample size of 8,408,344 participants. The pooled size (weighted proportion) of bread waste was 18% (95% confidence interval (CI): 14–24; I2 = 99.94%, p < 0.002). Proportion of bread waste as a consequence of consumers' practices and beliefs estimated with pooled effect size 24% (95% CI: 21–28; I2 = 95.2%, p < 0.001) compared with retailers and producers' activities pooled effect size 14% (95% CI: 10–18; I2 = 98.2%, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Bread waste prevalence was high, which is due to the behaviors of consumers and retailers. Therefore, community food and nutrition education are prescribed. |
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متن کامل [PDF 925 kb]
(63 دریافت)
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نوع مطالعه: Review |
موضوع مقاله:
Nutrition
دریافت: 1403/2/18 | پذیرش: 1403/3/8 | انتشار: 1403/5/6
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