Screening of Melamine in Milk and Milk-based Products Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Salman Saeed , Abdul Ahid Rashid , Youmna Ali Rizvi , Khurram Shehzad , Shaista Nawaz , Yasir Muhammad |
Food & Biotechnology Research Center, Pakistan Council of Scientific Industrial Research Centre, Laboratories Complex, Lahore, Pakistan , ch.abdulahid@gmail.com |
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Abstract: (1612 Views) |
Background and Objectives: Melamine is an organic nitrogen used as an adulterant to increase nitrogen and protein contents in milks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has verified as a good alternative for rapid screening of melamine and other food additives instead of the laborious chromatography techniques.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, MaxSignal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to screen melamine in 30 samples, including milks, infant formulas, chocolates, tea whiteners and pet foods. The kit was based on a competitive colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: Melamine was detected in the range of 0.05–0.69 ppm in infant formula/milk powder samples and 0.001–0.042 ppm in liquid milk samples, which were under the set limits of Codex Alimentarius, 2012. Codex Alimentarius Commission adopted a maximum melamine level of 1 ppm for powdered infant formulas and of 2.5 ppm for other foods and animal foods. The commission has now set a maximum limit of 0.15 ppm for melamine in liquid milks. Further protein analyses of milk and infant formula samples were also carried out to verify the presence of melamine.
Conclusions: It has been seen that enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay could effectively be used as a screening tool for detecting melamine in a wide range of food samples. Whereas, complementary techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry can be adopted as verification methods for regulatory compliance. |
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Keywords: Melamine, ELISA, Antibody, Kjeldahl method, HPLC, GC/MS |
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Full-Text [PDF 665 kb]
(701 Downloads)
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Article type: Research |
Subject:
Food Science Received: 2021/02/23 | Accepted: 2021/09/4 | Published: 2021/10/17
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