1. Black RE, Morris SS, Bryce J. Where and why are 10 million children dying every year? Lancet. 2003;361(9376):2226-34. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13779-8]

2. Rice AL, Sacco L, Hyder A, Black RE. Malnutrition as an underlying cause of childhood deaths associated with infectious diseases in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(10):1207-21.

3. Dalton PS, Ghosal S, Mani A. Poverty and Aspirations Failure. Econ J. 2016;126(590):165-88. [DOI:10.1111/ecoj.12210]

4. Bhatia J, Bhutta Z., Kalhan S. Maternal and Child Nutrition: The First 1,000 Days. Indian J Med Res. 2015;142(2):231-2. [DOI:10.4103/0971-5916.164278]

5. Bourke CD, Berkley JA, Prendergast AJ. Immune Dysfunction as a Cause and Consequence of Malnutrition. Trends Immunol. 2016;37(6):386-98. [DOI:10.1016/j.it.2016.04.003]

6. de Onis M, Branca F. Childhood stunting: A global perspective. Matern Child Nutr. 2016;12 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):12-26. [DOI:10.1111/mcn.12231]

7. Shimpton R, Rokx C. The Double Burden of Malnutrition: A review of global evidence. Health, Nutrition and Population Discussion Paper.The World Bank. 2012. [DOI:10.1596/27417]

8. UNICEF, WHO, Bank W. Levels and trends in child malnutrition: Key findings of the 2018 Edition of the Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. Joint child malnutrition estimates - Levels and trends. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.

9. NISR, MOH-Rwanda, ICF International. Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey, 2014-2015. ICF International. 2016.

10. Adato M, Bassett L. Social protection to support vulnerable children and families: The potential of cash transfers to protect education, health and nutrition. AIDS Care. 2009;21(S1):60-75. [DOI:10.1080/09540120903112351]

11. Haushofer J, Shapiro J. The short-term impact of unconditional cash transfers to the poor: Experimental evidence from kenya. Q J Econ. 2016;131(4):1973-2042. [DOI:10.1093/qje/qjw025]

12. Jensen RT, Miller NH. Do consumer price subsidies really improve nutrition? Rev Econ Stat. 2011;93(4):1205-23. [DOI:10.1162/REST_a_00118]

13. Kaushal N, Muchomba FM. How Consumer Price Subsidies affect Nutrition. World Dev. 2015;74(C):25-42. [DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.04.006]

14. Crooks DL. Child growth and nutritional status in a high-poverty community in eastern Kentucky. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1999;109(1):129-42. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199905)109:1<129::AID-AJPA10>3.0.CO;2-F [DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199905)109:13.0.CO;2-F]

15. Abuya BA, Ciera J, Kimani-Murage E. Effect of mother's education on child's nutritional status in the slums of Nairobi. BMC Pediatr. 2012;12(1):80. [DOI:10.1186/1471-2431-12-80]

16. Christian P, Mullany LC, Hurley KM, Katz J, Black RE. Nutrition and maternal, neonatal, and child health. Semin Perinatol. 2015;39(5):361-72. [DOI:10.1053/j.semperi.2015.06.009]

17. Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Rizvi A, Gaffey MF, Walker N, Horton S, et al. Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: What can be done and at what cost? The Lancet. 2013. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60996-4]

18. Kraay A, McKenzie D. Do Poverty Traps Exist? Assessing the Evidence. J Econ Perspect. 2014; [DOI:10.1596/1813-9450-6835]

19. Duclos JY, Araar A, Giles J. Chronic and transient poverty: Measurement and estimation, with evidence from China. J Dev Econ. 2010; [DOI:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.09.002]

20. Mahadevan R, Hoang V. Is There a Link Between Poverty and Food Security? Soc Indic Res. 2016; [DOI:10.1007/s11205-015-1025-3]

21. Ward PS. Transient Poverty, Poverty Dynamics, and Vulnerability to Poverty: An Empirical Analysis Using a Balanced Panel from Rural China. World Dev. 2016;78(1):541-53. [DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.022]

22. Black R, Vitora C, Walker S, Bhutta Z, Christian P, de Onis M, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013;382(9890):427-51. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X]

23. Alkire S. Global multidimensional poverty index. Pak Dev Rev. 2015;54(4 Part 1):287-99. [DOI:10.30541/v54i4I-IIpp.287-299]

24. Adams JRH, Cuecuecha A, Page J. Remittances, consumption and investment in Ghana. Policy Research working paper; no. WPS 4515 Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group. 2008. [DOI:10.1596/1813-9450-4515]

25. Kabubo-Mariara J, Ndenge GK, Mwabu DK. Determinants of children's nutritional status in Kenya: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys. J Afr Econ. 2009;18(3):363-87. [DOI:10.1093/jae/ejn024]

26. Ijarotimi OS. Determinants of Childhood Malnutrition and Consequences in Developing Countries. Curr Nutr Rep. 2013;2(1):129-33. [DOI:10.1007/s13668-013-0051-5]

27. Reis M. Food insecurity and the relationship between household income and children's health and nutrition in Brazil. Health Econ. 2012;21(4):405-27. [DOI:10.1002/hec.1722]

28. Saaka M, Osman SM. Does Household Food Insecurity Affect the Nutritional Status of Preschool Children Aged 6-36 Months? Int J Popul Res. 2013;2013(Article ID 304169):1-12. [DOI:10.1155/2013/304169]

29. Borja JB, Amarra S. The impact of early nutrition on health: Key findings from the cebu longitudinal health and nutrition survey. Malays J Nutr. 2013;19(1):1-8.

30. Jr. JSC, Martinez FE. Nutritional dilemmas in extremely low birth weight infants and their effects on childhood, adolescence and adulthood. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;81(Suppl.1):33-42. [DOI:10.2223/JPED.1298]

31. Carlson GJ, Kordas K, Murray-Kolb LE. Associations between women's autonomy and child nutritional status: A review of the literature. Matern Child Nutr. 2015;11(4):452-82. [DOI:10.1111/mcn.12113]

32. National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey 5 (EICV 5): Rwanda Poverty Profile. Report. 2018.